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中华卫生应急电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 129 -135. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9133.2026.03.001

论著

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症风险列线图模型构建及验证应用
方钟杰1, 罗倩2, 邵国丰1,†()   
  1. 1315041 浙江宁波,宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院心脏大血管外科
    2315199 浙江宁波,宁波市中西医结合医院重症监护病房
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-06-18
  • 通信作者: 邵国丰
  • 基金资助:
    宁波市医疗卫生高端团队重大攻坚项目(2022030107)

Construction and validation of nomogram model for postoperative hypoxemia risk in Stanford type A aortic dissection

Zhongjie Fang1, Qian Luo2, Guofeng Shao1,†()   

  1. 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315041, China
    2Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Ningbo 315199, China
  • Received:2025-11-18 Published:2026-06-18
  • Corresponding author: Guofeng Shao
引用本文:

方钟杰, 罗倩, 邵国丰. Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后低氧血症风险列线图模型构建及验证应用[J/OL]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2026, 12(03): 129-135.

Zhongjie Fang, Qian Luo, Guofeng Shao. Construction and validation of nomogram model for postoperative hypoxemia risk in Stanford type A aortic dissection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Hygiene Rescue(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(03): 129-135.

目的

分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)术后发生低氧血症的危险因素,基于危险因素构建风险列线图模型并验证其效能。

方法

选取2019年2月至2025年5月宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院收治的347例TAAD患者作为研究对象,将研究对象按照3∶1的比例分为训练集(260例)和验证集(87例),其中训练集男性128例,女性132例;年龄22~81岁[(51.73±15.93)岁]。按照术后24 h有无发生低氧血症分为低氧血症组和非低氧血症组,比较两组患者临床资料,并采用二元Logistic回归分析TAAD患者术后低氧血症的危险因素。基于危险因素构建列线图预测模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析模型的预测价值,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评估模型校准度。

结果

低氧血症组年龄≥50岁比例、体质指数(BMI)≥25 kg/m2比例、心包积液比例、白细胞(WBC)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、输血量均高于非低氧血症组,体外循环时间长于非低氧血症组(P<0.05)。经二元Logistic回归分析,年龄≥50岁、BMI≥25 kg/m2、心包积液、高WBC、高hs-CRP、体外循环时间长是TAAD患者术后低氧血症的危险因素(P<0.05)。构建的列线图模型,训练集一致性指数(C-index)为0.863(95%CI:0.818~0.909),Bootstrap校正后为0.856,两者仅差0.007,过拟合风险低;模型准确率78%。验证集C-index为0.842(95%CI:0.759~0.942),与校正值接近,表明模型泛化能力良好。

结论

本研究构建的TAAD患者术后低氧血症预测模型效果较好,可为TAAD患者术后低氧血症的发生提供辅助预测价值。

Objective

To analyze the risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD), construct a risk nomogram model based on risk factors, and validate its efficacy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 347 TAAD patients treated in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from February 2019 to May 2025. The patients were divided into a training set of 260 cases and a validation set of 87 cases in a 3∶1 ratio. In the training set, there were 128 males and 132 females, with ages ranging from 22 to 81 years [(51.73±15.93) years]. The hypoxemia group and non hypoxemia group were analyzed based on whether hypoxemia occurred 24 hours after surgery. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in TAAD patients. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on risk factors. The predictive value of the model was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the model calibration was evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test.

Results

The proportions of patients aged ≥50 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, pericardial effusion, white blood cell (WBC) count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and blood ransfusion volume were higher in the hypoxemia group than in the non-hypoxemia group; the cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in the hypoxemia group (P<0.05). According to binary logistic regression analysis, age≥50 years old, BMI≥25 kg/m2, pericardial effusion, high WBC count, high hs-CRP, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass are risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in TAAD patients (P<0.05). The constructed nomogram model has a C-index of 0.863 (95%CI: 0.818-0.909) on the training set and 0.856 after Bootstrap correction, with a difference of only 0.007, indicating a low risk of overfitting; The accuracy of the model is 78%. The C-index of the validation set is 0.842 (95%CI: 0.759-0.942), which is close to the corrected value, indicating good generalization ability of the model.

Conclusion

The predictive model for postoperative hypoxemia in TAAD patients constructed in this article shows good performance and can provide auxiliary predictive value for the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia in TAAD patients.

表1 TAAD患者术后低氧血症的单因素分析[例(%),±s]
因素   低氧血症组(n=113) 非低氧血症组(n=147) t/χ2/Z值 P值
年龄(岁) ≥50 82(72.57) 61(41.50) 24.92 <0.001
<50 31(27.43) 86(58.50)
性别 男性 60(53.10) 68(46.26) 1.20 >0.05
女性 53(46.90) 79(53.74)
BMI(kg/m2) ≥25 75(66.37) 64(43.54) 13.39 <0.001
<25 38(33.63) 83(56.46)
发病至手术时间(h) ≥72 31(27.43) 39(26.53) 0.03 >0.05
<72 82(72.57) 108(73.47)
高血压 是 81(71.68) 99(67.35) 0.56 >0.05
否 32(28.32) 48(32.65)
糖尿病 是 42(37.17) 68(46.26) 2.16 >0.05
否 71(62.83) 79(53.74)
冠心病 是 78(69.03) 88(59.86) 2.32 >0.05
否 35(30.97) 59(40.14)
COPD 是 42(37.17) 40(27.21) 2.93 >0.05
否 71(62.83) 107(72.79)
马凡综合征 是 9(7.96) 6(4.08) 1.77 >0.05
否 104(92.04) 141(95.92)
吸烟史 是 47(41.59) 68(46.26) 0.56 >0.05
否 66(58.41) 79(53.74)
饮酒史 是 32(28.32) 31(21.09) 1.82 >0.05
否 81(71.68) 116(78.91)
心包积液 是 32(28.32) 16(10.88) 12.90 <0.001
否 81(71.68) 131(89.12)
心率(次/min) 79.39±10.50 80.44±10.01 0.82 >0.05
舒张压(mmHg) 91.23±12.35 90.34±12.46 0.57 >0.05
收缩压(mmHg) 138.1±16.35 137.24±16.17 0.42 >0.05
LVEF(%) 64.19±9.40 66.05±10.26 1.51 >0.05
LVESD(mm) 32.31±3.36 33.01±4.17 1.45 >0.05
LVEDD(mm) 51.42±8.20 49.80±6.66 1.75 >0.05
WBC(×109/L) 13.73±3.73 10.29±3.28 7.90 <0.001
PLT(×109/L) 206.28±35.75 204.91±36.86 0.30 >0.05
hs-CRP(mg/L) 22.69±7.55 16.29±4.88 7.84 <0.001
TNF-α(pg/mL) 68.23±20.67 63.70±19.27 1.82 >0.05
IL-6(pg/mL) 52.81±13.86 47.23±8.90 3.73 <0.001
Scr(μmol/L) 129.13±25.24 123.78±22.68 1.80 >0.05
ALB(g/L) 30.38±7.22 29.14±6.96 1.40 >0.05
AST(U/L) 43.42±13.71 40.73±11.14 1.74 >0.05
ALT(U/L) 37.86±12.47 35.80±10.59 1.44 >0.05
D-D(μg/L) 2.18±0.68 2.25±0.63 0.83 >0.05
手术时间(min) 324.39±26.75 318.86±24.37 1.74 >0.05
输血量(mL) 2 201.00(1 399.00~3 084.00) 1 420.00(658.00~2 277.00) 6.05 <0.001
体外循环时间(min) 278.67±47.23 242.40±43.37 6.43 <0.001
表2 变量赋值表
表3 TAAD患者术后低氧血症的二元Logistic回归分析
图1 预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症的列线图模型注:BMI为体质指数,WBC为白细胞,hs-CRP为高敏C反应蛋白
图2 预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症的训练集和验证集的列线图模型的ROC曲线
图3 预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症的训练集和验证集的校准曲线图
图4 预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症的训练集和验证集的决策曲线图
表4 模型预测TAAD患者术后低氧血症与临床诊断结果比较
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