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中华卫生应急电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (04) : 199 -203. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9133.2023.04.002

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重大灾难性事件的危机干预
叶刚, 杜向东()   
  1. 215123 江苏苏州,苏州大学苏州医学院;215137 江苏苏州,苏州市广济医院
    215137 江苏苏州,苏州市广济医院
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 出版日期:2023-08-18
  • 通信作者: 杜向东
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20211082); 苏州市临床重点病种诊疗项目(LCZX202016); 苏州市科技发展计划项目(SKY2022209); 苏州市姑苏卫生人才计划项目(GSWS2020097)

Intervention in crisis of major catastrophic events

Gang Ye, Xiangdong Du()   

  • Received:2023-07-30 Published:2023-08-18
  • Corresponding author: Xiangdong Du
引用本文:

叶刚, 杜向东. 重大灾难性事件的危机干预[J]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2023, 09(04): 199-203.

Gang Ye, Xiangdong Du. Intervention in crisis of major catastrophic events[J]. Chinese Journal of Hygiene Rescue(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(04): 199-203.

过去二十年以来,战争、地震、海啸、空难、重大安全生产事故等各类灾难性事件频发,对个体的心理带来严重冲击。灾难性事件又称为危机事件。危机事件是指突然发生、出乎意料、往往危及生命、有时限性的事件,可能会使个体的适应性反应能力不堪重负[1],导致个体陷入情绪、认知、行为及躯体等方面的危机状态。迄今为止,危机状态的分类繁多,定义尚未统一,目前学界公认的危机包括以下三类:个人危机、扩散性危机和系统危机。个人危机指一种重要人生目标受到阻碍时的状态,个体面临无法逃避又不能很快掌控的问题,这些问题超出了个体当下所具备的应对资源和能力,使其经历暂时的困惑、焦虑、抑郁或紧张[2]。随着信息技术的发展,引起个人危机的事件可能因为得不到有效控制而发生扩散,导致扩散性危机[3]。模仿性自杀是扩散性危机的一个典型代表。系统危机指当人、机构、社会和生态经历了严重的创伤性事件,而反应系统无法从生理和心理两方面有效控制和解决问题时所形成的危机[3]。重大灾难性事件通常属于系统性危机。本文通过对重大灾难性事件危机干预历史的回顾,干预理论和模型的梳理,本土化研究的介绍,总结了重大灾难性事件危机干预的现状,为开展进一步的研究和实践提供参考。

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