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中华卫生应急电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (05) : 260 -268. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9133.2024.05.002

论著

早期CRRT联合VA-ECMO治疗难治性心源性休克的临床效果
詹维强1, 李梦蝶1, 涂玉玲1, 郭艳1, 芦乙滨1, 史新格1, 许明1,()   
  1. 1.464000 河南信阳,信阳市中心医院重症医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-14 出版日期:2024-10-18
  • 通信作者: 许明
  • 基金资助:
    信阳市创新专项项目(20210017)

Clinical Effects of Early CRRT Combined with VA-ECMO in the Treatment of Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

Weiqiang Zhan1, Mengdie Li1, Yulin Tu1, Yan Guo1, Yibin Lu1, Xinge Shi1, Ming Xu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
  • Received:2024-07-14 Published:2024-10-18
  • Corresponding author: Ming Xu
引用本文:

詹维强, 李梦蝶, 涂玉玲, 郭艳, 芦乙滨, 史新格, 许明. 早期CRRT联合VA-ECMO治疗难治性心源性休克的临床效果[J/OL]. 中华卫生应急电子杂志, 2024, 10(05): 260-268.

Weiqiang Zhan, Mengdie Li, Yulin Tu, Yan Guo, Yibin Lu, Xinge Shi, Ming Xu. Clinical Effects of Early CRRT Combined with VA-ECMO in the Treatment of Refractory Cardiogenic Shock[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Hygiene Rescue(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(05): 260-268.

目的

本研究旨在探讨早期连续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)联合静脉-动脉体外膜氧合(VA-ECMO)在难治性心源性休克患者中的应用效果及其对患者预后的影响。

方法

采用前瞻性随机对照研究,分析信阳市中心医院ICU病房2021年1月至2023年10月期间接受VA-ECMO治疗的难治性心源性休克患者74例,其中男性49例,女性25例;年龄19~78岁,平均(56.3±14.0)岁。随机分为早期CRRT组(A组)和常规CRRT组(B组),比较两组患者的T0(VA-ECMO上机前)、T3(VA-ECMO上机后3 d)、T5(VA-ECMO上机后5 d)、T7(VA-ECMO上机后7 d)不同时间点的血常规、肝肾功能、血气分析、心功能指标和治疗结果。

结果

共纳入患者74例(A组35例,B组39例),两组患者在基线资料差异无统计学意义。A组与B组在治疗时间方面差异均有统计学意义,分别为:CRRT治疗时间[176.1(152.2~222.9)h比82.3(0~103.9)h,P<0.001],机械通气时间[(309.3±38.5)h比(331.7±43.6)h,P=0.023],VA-ECMO支持时间[237.0(220.0~255.5)h比253.0(236.5~265.0)h,P=0.029]。两组患者的ICU住院时间和并发症发生率分别为:[(16.3±3.0)d比(17.8±3.8)d,P=0.052],[60.00%(21)例比71.79%(28)例,P=0.284],差异无统计学意义,A组病死率低于B组:[15例(42.86%)比26例(66.67%),P=0.040]。两组血红蛋白计数(Hb)仅在T3时间点差异有统计学意义[(106.1±18.7)g/L比(114.7±19.6)g/L,P=0.018]。C反应蛋白(CRP)在T3和T5时间点存在差异,分别为[73.0(39.5~115.5)mg/L比97.0(62.5~158.5)mg/L,P=0.021],[82.0(59.5~126.5)mg/L比120.0(47.5~175.0)mg/L,P=0.028]。IL-6水平:在T3和T5时间点存在差异,分别为[344.0(153.0~740.5)pg/mL比667.0(342.0~1484.0)pg/mL,P=0.038],[270.0(108.0~556.0)pg/mL比721.0(401.0~1195.5)pg/mL,P=0.001]。血尿素氮(BUN)在T3、T5、T7时间点分别为[6.7(6.0~10.3)mmol/L比21.9(13.5~29.2)mmol/L,P<0.001],[6.8(5.4~10.0)mmol/L比27.8(17.6~37.8)mmol/L,P<0.001],[6.0(4.5~10.7)mmol/L比31.0(24.4~34.7)mmol/L,P<0.001];血肌酐(Cr)水平在T3、T5、T7时间点分别为[94.3(80.0~124.5)μmol/L比257.0(167.5~362.5)μmol/L,P<0.001],[100.0(80.5~141.5)μmol/L比318.0(210.5~490.0)μmol/L,P<0.001],[108.0(71.0~146.8)μmol/L比350.0(256.0~440.0)μmol/L,P<0.001],对比差异均有统计学意义。血清pH值在T3时间点[7.3(7.2~7.4)比7.2(7.1~7.3),P=0.008]差异有统计学意义,在T5、T7时间点差异无统计学意义。OI值水平在T3和T5时间点分别为[(193.5±48.4)mmHg比(153.5±64.4)mmHg,P=0.015],[(214.6±49.1)mmHg比(176.6±69.6)mmHg,P=0.015],对比差异有统计学意义,在T7时间点两者差异无统计学意义。LOVTI值水平在T3时间点为[13.3(12.2~15.5)cm比12.2(9.8~13.4)cm,P=0.025],对比差异有统计学意义,在T5和T7时间点两者差异无统计学意义。LVEF值水平在T3和T5时间点分别为[35.1(32.8~40.0)%比32.3(26.3~36.9)%,P=0.048],[40.2(32.8~51.1)%比35.1(28.3-41.4)%,P=0.046],对比差异有统计学意义,在T7时间点两者差异无统计学意义。液体平衡在T3和T5时间点存在差异,分别为[-16.0(-23.5~-8.0)mL/kg比-7.0(-14.5~1.0)mL/kg,P=0.007],[-13.0(-19.5~ -7.5)mL/kg比-5.0(-10.5~-1.0)mL/kg,P=0.013]。两组在各时间点PCT差异均无统计学意义。两组在各时间点的谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白、总胆红素差异无统计学意义。

结论

早期CRRT联合VA-ECMO治疗可能有助于改善难治性心源性休克患者的炎症指标、肾功能、血气指标和患者心功能,并能降低住院病死率,改善患者预后。

Objective

To explore the effects of early continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)combined with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) on patients with refractory cardiogenic shock and its impact on their prognosis.

Methods

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to analyze 74 patients with refractory cardiogenic shock who received VA-ECMO treatment in the ICU of Xinyang Central Hospital from January 2021 to October 2023. The cohort consisted of 49 males and 25 females, aged between 19 and 78 years, with an average age of 56.3±14.0 years. Patients were randomly assigned to either the early CRRT group (Group A, 35 patients) or the conventional CRRT group(Group B, 39 patients). The study compared various clinical parameters, including blood tests, liver and kidney function, blood gas analysis, cardiac function indicators, and treatment outcomes at four time points:T0 (pre-VA-ECMO), T3 (3 days post-VA-ECMO), T5 (5 days post-VA-ECMO), and T7 (7 days post-VAECMO).

Results

A total of 74 patients were enrolled (35 in Group A and 39 in Group B). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline characteristics. However, significant differences were found in the treatment duration between the groups, including CRRT treatment time [176.1(152.2-222.9) hours vs. 82.3 (0-103.9) hours, P<0.001], mechanical ventilation time [(309.3±38.5) hours vs(331.7±43.6) hours, P=0.023], and VA-ECMO support time [237.0 (220.0-255.5) hours vs. 253.0 (236.5-265.0) hours, P=0.029]. ICU stay and complication incidence rates were not statistically different between the groups [(16.3±3.0) days vs. (17.8±3.8) days, P=0.052], [60% vs 71.79%, P=0.284], respectively. However,the mortality rate was significantly lower in Group A [15 (42.86%) vs. 26 (66.67%), P=0.040].Hemoglobin(Hb) values at T3 showed a statistical difference [(106.1±18.7) g/L vs (114.7±19.6) g/L, P=0.018]. C-reactive protein (CRP) values at T3 and T5 were different [73.0 (39.5-115.5) mg/L vs. 97.0 (62.5-158.5) mg/L, P=0.021], [82.0 (59.5-126.5) mg/L vs. 120.0 (47.5-175.0) mg/L, P=0.028]. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) values were also significantly lower in Group A at T3 and T5 [344.0 (153.0-740.5) pg/mL vs. 667.0 (342.0-1484.0) pg/mL, P=0.038] and [270.0 (108.0-556.0) pg/mL vs. 721.0 (401.0-1195.5) pg/mL, P=0.001]. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) values were significantly lower in Group A at T3, T5, and T7 [6.7 (6.0-10.3) mmol/L vs. 21.9 (13.5-29.2) mmol/L, P<0.001; 6.8 (5.4-10.0) mmol/L vs. 27.8 (17.6-37.8) mmol/L, P<0.001; 6.0 (4.5-10.7) mmol/L vs. 31.0 (24.4-34.7) mmol/L, P<0.001]. Serum creatinine (Cr) values were also significantly lower in Group A at all three time points [94.3 (80.0-124.5) μmol/L vs. 257.0 (167.5-362.5) μmol/L, P<0.001], [100.0 (80.5-141.5) μmol/L vs. 318.0 (210.5-490.0) μmol/L, P<0.001], and [108.0 (71.0-146.8) μmol/L vs 350.0 (256.0-440.0) μmol/L, P<0.001]. Serum pH values at T3 were significantly higher in Group A [7.3 (7.2-7.4) vs. 7.2(7.1-7.3), P=0.008], but with no differences at T5 and T7. Oxygenation index (OI) values were significantly better in Group A at T3 and T5 [(193.5±48.4) mmHg vs. (153.5±64.4) mmHg, P=0.015] , [ (214.6±49.1)mmHg vs. (176.6±69.6) mmHg, P=0.015], but with no difference at T7. Left ventricular outflow tract velocitytime integral (LOVTI) at T3 showed a statistical difference [13.3 (12.2-15.5) cm vs. 12.2 (9.8-13.4) cm, P=0.025], with no differences at T5 and T7. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at T3 and T5 showed statistical differences [35.1 (32.8-40.0)% vs. 32.3 (26.3-36.9)%, P=0.048] , [40.2 (32.8-51.1)% vs. 35.1 (28.3-41.4)%, P=0.046], with no difference at T7. Fluid balance showed differences at T3 and T5 time points, with values of [-16.0 (-23.5 to -8.0) mL/kg vs. -7.0 (-14.5 to 1.0) mL/kg, P=0.007] , [-13.0 (-19.5 to -7.5) mL/kg vs.-5.0 (-10.5 to -1.0) mL/kg, P=0.013]. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in PCT values, liver enzymes (ALT), albumin, or total bilirubin at any of the time points.

Conclusion

Early initiation of CRRT combined with VA-ECMO may improve inflammatory markers, renal function, blood gas parameters, and cardiac function in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. This approach also appears to reduce in-hospital mortality and improve overall prognosis.

表1 两组患者基线资料对比
组别 例数 年龄(岁) 性别(男性/女性) BMI(kg/m2 基础疾病[例(%)]
高血压 糖尿病 心脏病 COPD
A组 35 57.0(49.5~62.5) 23/12 25.9±2.1 11(31.43) 9(25.71) 23(65.71) 2(5.71)
B组 39 59.0(49.5~69.0) 26/13 25.6±2.9 14(35.90) 11(28.21) 28(71.79) 4(10.26)
Z2/t Z=-1.00 χ2=0.01 t=0.49 χ2=0.16 χ2=0.06 χ2=0.32 χ2=0.08
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
组别 例数 ECMO支持病因[例(%)] 血流动力学[M(QL,QU),(xˉ±s)]
爆发性心肌炎 心肌梗死 肺部疾病及其他 MAP(mmHg) APACHE评分(分)
A组 35 8(22.86) 17(48.57) 10(28.57) 52(45~64) 27.7±2.6
B组 39 12(30.77) 20(51.28) 7(17.95) 57(43~64) 26.7±4.9
Z2/t χ2=0.59 χ2=0.05 χ2=1.176 Z=-0.02 t=1.10
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
组别 例数 ECMO参数(xˉ±s CRRT参数(xˉ±s 其他参数[M(QL,QU),(xˉ±s)]
离心泵转速(r/min) 血流量(L/min) 血流速度(mL/min) 置换液速率(ml/h) ICU住院时间(d) 机械通气时间(h) CRRT时间(h)
A组 35 2054.7±344.2 3.5±0.6 209.4±24.4 2499.4±279.5 16.3±3.0 309.3±38.5 176.1(152.2~222.9)
B组 39 2092.5±412.2 3.6±0.7 203.1±17.0 2496.9±256.6 17.8±3.8 331.7±43.6 82.3(0~103.9)
Z2/t t=-0.43 t=-0.57 t=1.29 t=0.04 t=-1.97 t=-2.32 Z=-6.32
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 <0.05 <0.001
组别 例数 其他参数[M(QL,QU),(xˉ±s)] 血常规(xˉ±s 炎症指标[M(QL,QU)]
ECMO支持时间(h) 并发症发生率(%) 病死率(%) WBC(×109/L) HB(g/dL) PLT(×109/L) CRP(mg/dL)
A组 35 237.0(220.0~255.5) 21(60.00) 15(42.86) (16.2±7.8) 127.6±24.0 175.4±63.9 25.1(5.7~53.4)
B组 39 253.0(236.5~265.0) 28(71.79) 26(66.67) (18.7±6.4) 131.6±26.3 172.8±75.6 17.4(9.4~45.9)
Z2/t Z=-2.19 χ2=1.15 χ2=4.23 t=-1.51 t=-0.68 t=0.16 Z=-0.19
P <0.05 >0.05 <0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
组别 例数 炎症指标 肝功能[M(QL,QU),(xˉ±s)] 肾功能[M(QL,QU)]
PCT(ng/mL) IL-6(pg/mL) 谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 白蛋白(g/dL) 总胆红素(μmol/L) BUN(mmol/L) Cr(umol/L)
A组 35 1.0(0.4~1.6) 115.0(34.5~274.0) 72.0(29.5~119.0) 32.3±8.4 15.5(10.9~20.8) 8.4(6.6~10.8) 114.0(84.5~141.3)
B组 39 1.1(0.3~3.4) 179.0(66.5~517.5) 48.0(23.0~141.5) 33.4±8.8 15.2(8.8~26.8) 9.2(7.3~11.3) 121.0(88.0~144.9)
Z2/t Z=-0.16 Z=-1.61 Z=-0.01 t=-0.54 Z=-0.13 Z=-1.18 Z=-0.29
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
组别 例数 血气分析(xˉ±s 心功能[M(QL,QU)]
pH OI(mmHg) LOVTI(cm) LVEF(%)
A组 35 7.2±0.2 162.8±49.0 12.5(10.8~14.8) 33.0(27.8~39.5)
B组 39 7.2±0.1 160.2±51.4 13.0(10.6~14.7) 34.2(28.6~39.2)
Z2/t t=-1.97 t=0.22 Z=-0.14 Z=-0.26
P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05
表2 两组患者不同时间点生化指标对比
组别 血常规 炎症指标
WBC(×109/L) Hb(g/L) PLT(×109/L) CRP(mg/L) PCT(ng/mL) IL-6(pg/ml)
早期组
T0(上机前) 16.3±7.7 127.9±23.5 175.4±63.9 25(5.705~51.4) 0.97(0.395~1.643) 115(34.5~274)
T3(d) 13.4±7.6 106.1±18.7a 103.2±55.4 73(39.5~115.5)a 2.12(0.95~4.7) 344(153~740.5)a
T5(d) 11.3±6.5 104.1±20.8 120.7±63.4 82(59.5~126.5)a 1.86(0.71~3.13) 270(108~556)a
T7(d) 10.6±5.3 108.3±21.8 123.3±56 89(52~128) 2.54(0.96~4.72) 330(144~815)
常规组
T0(上机前) 18.7±6.4 132.3±24.8 172.8±75.6 17.38(9.35~45.935) 1.12(0.3~3.35) 179(66.5~517.5)
T3(d) 14.1±7.1 114.7±19.6a 121.2±64.1 97(62.5~158.5)a 3.36(1.75~7.08) 667(342~1484)a
T5(d) 11.9±6.6 108.7±20.3 118.5±61.2 120(47.5~175)a 3.98(2.43~7.085) 721(401~1195.5)a
T7(d) 12.0±7.1 110.90±24.2 119±60.5 103(65~148.5) 4.27(1.965~9.245) 527(275~1239.5)
组别 肝功能 肾功能 血气分析
谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 白蛋白(g/L) 总胆红素(μmol/L) BUN(mmol/L) Cr(μmol/L) pH
早期组
T0(上机前) 72(29.5~119) 32.3±8.4 15.5(10.85~20.8) 8.36(6.625~10.795) 114(84.5~141.32) 7.29(7.145~7.34)
T3(d) 84(30.5~136) 31.9±8.4 17.6(11.35~26.45) 6.7(6.015~10.265)a 94.31(80~124.5)a 7.3(7.195~7.38)a
T5(d) 87(36.5~152.5) 30.9±8.0 21.12(11.65~32.15) 6.81(5.435~10.015)a 100(80.5~141.5)a 7.36(7.225~7.445)
T7(d) 102(41~176.5) 29.8±9.2 25.6(12.85~39.05) 6.01(4.53~10.65)a 108(71~146.8)a 7.2(7.075~7.37)
常规组
T0(上机前) 48(23~141.5) 33.4±8.8 15.2(8.8~26.79) 9.2(7.335~11.28) 121(88~144.91) 7.28(7.15~7.33)
T3(d) 62(25~141.5) 32.8±9.1 17.44(10.55~32.99) 21.89(13.485~29.195)a 257(167.5~362.5)a 7.21(7.08~7.28)a
T5(d) 80(30.5~168) 31.1±8.3 21.4(12.85~37.515) 27.75(17.575~37.765)a 318(210.5~490)a 7.33(7.14~7.4)
T7(d) 87(37.5~198) 30.7±9.6 22.8(14.35~45.515) 31(24.4~34.74)a 350(256~440)a 7.19(7.09~7.38)
组别 血气分析 心功能 液体平衡(mL/kg)
OI(mmHg) LOVTI(cm) LVEF(%)
早期组
T0(上机前) 162.8±49 12.5(10.8~14.8) 33(27.8~39.5) 12(-2~32.5)
T3(d) 193.5±48.4a 13.3(12.2~15.5)a 35.1(32.8~40)a -16(-23.5~-8)a
T5(d) 214.6±49.1a 14.4(12~18.8) 40.2(32.8~51.1)a -13(-19.5~-7.5)a
T7(d) 230.5±53.2 14.5(12.5~19.6) 40.9(31.6~55) -9(-15~-3)
常规组
T0(上机前) 160.2±51.4 13(10.6~14.7) 34.2(28.6~39.2) 10(-1~29.5)
T3(d) 153.5±64.4a 12.2(9.8~13.4)a 32.3(26.3~36.9)a -7(-14.5~1)a
T5(d) 176.6±69.6a 12.9(10.8~15.6) 35.1(28.3~41.4)a -5(-10.5~-1)a
T7(d) 197.3±71 14.3(11.2~16.2) 38.3(28.9~45) -8(-16~-1)
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