To explore risk factors for nosocomial infections in neurosurgical intensive care units (NICU) to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Patients admitted to NICU from January 2020 to December 2021 were monitored for nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection rate, incidence of device-related infection, and distribution of pathogenic bacteria were counted. Independent risk factors for nosocomial infection were screened by logistic regression analysis.

Among 123 patients, 30 patients developed nosocomial infection (24.39%). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection and vascular catheter-related infection were 15.74%, 6.74% and 1.76%, respectively. The pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection were mainly Gram-negative bacteria. GCS score (3-4 points) (OR=24.016, P=0.001), tracheotomy (OR=5.438, P=0.041), ventilator use >7 days (OR=8.549, P=0.023) were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in NICU patients.

The nosocomial infection rate of NICU in our hospital is high, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related urinary tract infection. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.