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Chinese Journal of Hygiene Rescue(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (05): 260-268. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9133.2024.05.002

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Clinical Effects of Early CRRT Combined with VA-ECMO in the Treatment of Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

Weiqiang Zhan1, Mengdie Li1, Yulin Tu1, Yan Guo1, Yibin Lu1, Xinge Shi1, Ming Xu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
  • Received:2024-07-14 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2025-01-11
  • Contact: Ming Xu

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the effects of early continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)combined with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) on patients with refractory cardiogenic shock and its impact on their prognosis.

Methods

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to analyze 74 patients with refractory cardiogenic shock who received VA-ECMO treatment in the ICU of Xinyang Central Hospital from January 2021 to October 2023. The cohort consisted of 49 males and 25 females, aged between 19 and 78 years, with an average age of 56.3±14.0 years. Patients were randomly assigned to either the early CRRT group (Group A, 35 patients) or the conventional CRRT group(Group B, 39 patients). The study compared various clinical parameters, including blood tests, liver and kidney function, blood gas analysis, cardiac function indicators, and treatment outcomes at four time points:T0 (pre-VA-ECMO), T3 (3 days post-VA-ECMO), T5 (5 days post-VA-ECMO), and T7 (7 days post-VAECMO).

Results

A total of 74 patients were enrolled (35 in Group A and 39 in Group B). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline characteristics. However, significant differences were found in the treatment duration between the groups, including CRRT treatment time [176.1(152.2-222.9) hours vs. 82.3 (0-103.9) hours, P<0.001], mechanical ventilation time [(309.3±38.5) hours vs(331.7±43.6) hours, P=0.023], and VA-ECMO support time [237.0 (220.0-255.5) hours vs. 253.0 (236.5-265.0) hours, P=0.029]. ICU stay and complication incidence rates were not statistically different between the groups [(16.3±3.0) days vs. (17.8±3.8) days, P=0.052], [60% vs 71.79%, P=0.284], respectively. However,the mortality rate was significantly lower in Group A [15 (42.86%) vs. 26 (66.67%), P=0.040].Hemoglobin(Hb) values at T3 showed a statistical difference [(106.1±18.7) g/L vs (114.7±19.6) g/L, P=0.018]. C-reactive protein (CRP) values at T3 and T5 were different [73.0 (39.5-115.5) mg/L vs. 97.0 (62.5-158.5) mg/L, P=0.021], [82.0 (59.5-126.5) mg/L vs. 120.0 (47.5-175.0) mg/L, P=0.028]. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) values were also significantly lower in Group A at T3 and T5 [344.0 (153.0-740.5) pg/mL vs. 667.0 (342.0-1484.0) pg/mL, P=0.038] and [270.0 (108.0-556.0) pg/mL vs. 721.0 (401.0-1195.5) pg/mL, P=0.001]. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) values were significantly lower in Group A at T3, T5, and T7 [6.7 (6.0-10.3) mmol/L vs. 21.9 (13.5-29.2) mmol/L, P<0.001; 6.8 (5.4-10.0) mmol/L vs. 27.8 (17.6-37.8) mmol/L, P<0.001; 6.0 (4.5-10.7) mmol/L vs. 31.0 (24.4-34.7) mmol/L, P<0.001]. Serum creatinine (Cr) values were also significantly lower in Group A at all three time points [94.3 (80.0-124.5) μmol/L vs. 257.0 (167.5-362.5) μmol/L, P<0.001], [100.0 (80.5-141.5) μmol/L vs. 318.0 (210.5-490.0) μmol/L, P<0.001], and [108.0 (71.0-146.8) μmol/L vs 350.0 (256.0-440.0) μmol/L, P<0.001]. Serum pH values at T3 were significantly higher in Group A [7.3 (7.2-7.4) vs. 7.2(7.1-7.3), P=0.008], but with no differences at T5 and T7. Oxygenation index (OI) values were significantly better in Group A at T3 and T5 [(193.5±48.4) mmHg vs. (153.5±64.4) mmHg, P=0.015] , [ (214.6±49.1)mmHg vs. (176.6±69.6) mmHg, P=0.015], but with no difference at T7. Left ventricular outflow tract velocitytime integral (LOVTI) at T3 showed a statistical difference [13.3 (12.2-15.5) cm vs. 12.2 (9.8-13.4) cm, P=0.025], with no differences at T5 and T7. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at T3 and T5 showed statistical differences [35.1 (32.8-40.0)% vs. 32.3 (26.3-36.9)%, P=0.048] , [40.2 (32.8-51.1)% vs. 35.1 (28.3-41.4)%, P=0.046], with no difference at T7. Fluid balance showed differences at T3 and T5 time points, with values of [-16.0 (-23.5 to -8.0) mL/kg vs. -7.0 (-14.5 to 1.0) mL/kg, P=0.007] , [-13.0 (-19.5 to -7.5) mL/kg vs.-5.0 (-10.5 to -1.0) mL/kg, P=0.013]. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in PCT values, liver enzymes (ALT), albumin, or total bilirubin at any of the time points.

Conclusion

Early initiation of CRRT combined with VA-ECMO may improve inflammatory markers, renal function, blood gas parameters, and cardiac function in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. This approach also appears to reduce in-hospital mortality and improve overall prognosis.

Key words: Continuous renal replacement therapy, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Refractory cardiogenic shock

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