To summarize and collect the operational status of Public Health Emergency Operation Centers (PHEOC) across various regions globally and to compare the construction and functional differences of PHEOCs in different countries or regions, aiming to provide reference for enhancing health emergency capability and PHEOC construction in China.

A thematic search strategy was established to retrieve publicly available literature and grey literature on PHEOCs worldwide from 2003 to June 30, 2025. Key elements such as the establishment or activation time and operational models of PHEOCs across different countries or regions were extracted and compared.

A total of 22 countries or regions with available PHEOC construction information were identified. Comparative analysis was conducted across six WHO regions. Global PHEOC development exhibits distinct regional characteristics. In the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, under the guidance of WHO and with external funding support, rapid progress has been made, though many centers still face challenges in digital infrastructure and sustaining routine operations. The Americas and Europe started earlier and emphasize information integration and institutionalized emergency mechanisms; some countries have already achieved highly integrated PHEOC functions. In China, PHEOCs have played a vital role in managing major public health emergencies such as COVID-19. However, issues remain in standardization, resource coordination, and regional collaboration.

Global PHEOC development has entered a new phase characterized by simultaneous systematization and standardization, yet disparities in capacity and progress across regions persist. Moving forward, international cooperation and technological exchange should be strengthened to promote the development of standardized frameworks, performance evaluation mechanisms, and intelligent information systems. Countries should build efficient, coordinated, and intelligent PHEOC systems tailored to their specific national contexts.