To investigate and analyze the changing trend of common bacteria and drug resistance in the samples sent to paediatric ward, so as to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics in clinic.

According to the National Guide To Clinical Laboratory Procedures (The fourth edition), bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests were conducted on samples from different sources of hospitalized children in the Departments of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. The positive bacteria detection rate and drug sensitivity rate were used as observation indexes to analyze and compare the changes of positive bacteria detection and anti-bacterial drug sensitivity.

The samples were mainly from sputum, blood and swab of pharynx. The positive bacteria detection rate of sputum and pharyngeal swab samples decreased year by year within 3 years, but the positive bacteria detection rate of sputum samples decreased slightly from 24.90% in 2015 (718/2 884) to 21.67% in 2017 (705/3 254). The positive bacteria detection rate of pharyngeal swab samples decreased significantly from 24.52% (540/2 202) in 2015 to 12.79% (162/1 267) in 2017. The detection rate of positive bacteria in blood culture showed an increasing trend: it increased from 1.56% (29/1 864) in 2015 to 3.22% (79/2 457) in 2017. A total of 3 407 strains of positive pathogenic bacteria were isolated from sputum, pharyngeal swabs and blood specimens, among which E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens. The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae showed an obvious increasing trend year by year: It increased from 4.27% (55/1 287) in 2015 to 19.84% (188/946) in 2017.

The positive rate of bacterial detection is positively correlated with the number of samples submitted for examination. By detecting the change trend of bacterial drug sensitivity, it can effectively guide clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents and delay or reduce the occurrence of bacterial drug resistance.