Correlation betweenhypokalemia and clinical prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-9133.2023.02.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between hypokalemia and clinical outcomes in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection.

Methods

A total of 125 patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection who were not admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou from 4 to 25 August 2021 were selected, including 50 males and 75 females. The mean age was (50.55±19.07) years. A retrospective analysis was performed to study the correlation between hypokalemia and prognosis.

Results

The blood potassium levels of the included patients fluctuated between 2.71 and 4.70 mmol/L. Among 125 hospitalized patients, 55(44.00%) developed hypokalemia. The negative time of nucleic acid and the length of hospital stay were significantly prolonged in patients with hypokalemia, and the risk of ICU transfer was significantly increased. Correlation analysis showed that blood potassium level was negatively correlated with the time of negative nucleic acid conversion and the length of hospital stay. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypokalemia was a risk factor for prolonged negative nucleic acid conversion, prolonged hospital stay, and increased risk of ICU transfer in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion

Hypokalemia is commonly found in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 infection, and it is associated with prolonged hospital stay.

Key words: Novel coronavirus infection, Hypokalemia, Days of negative nucleic acid conversion, Length of stay, Risk of ICU transfer

Jiangtao Yin, Yuchao Wang, Xin Pin, Zhilong Miao, Qiong Mei, Ziqiang Huang, Dadong Liu. Correlation betweenhypokalemia and clinical prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Hygiene Rescue(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(02): 70-79.

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Figures/Tables 10

References 23

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组别	例数	发热(>37 °C)	干咳	流涕	咽痛	腹泻
低钾血症组	55	22(40.00)	27(49.09)	6(10.90)	9(16.36)	2(3.63)
正常血钾组	70	26(37.14)	33(47.14)	5(7.14)	11(15.71)	5(7.14)
t/χ²值		0.11	0.05	0.18	0.01	0.21
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
组别	例数	乏力	鼻塞	味觉及嗅觉减退	肌痛	结膜炎
低钾血症组	55	5(9.09)	10(18.18)	2(3.63)	3(5.45)	0(0.00)
正常血钾组	70	7(10.00)	8(11.43)	5(7.14)	2(2.86)	1(1.43)
t/χ²值		0.03	1.14	0.21	0.08	—
P值		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05

组别	例数	发热(>37 °C)	干咳	流涕	咽痛	腹泻
低钾血症组	55	22(40.00)	27(49.09)	6(10.90)	9(16.36)	2(3.63)
正常血钾组	70	26(37.14)	33(47.14)	5(7.14)	11(15.71)	5(7.14)
t/χ²值		0.11	0.05	0.18	0.01	0.21
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
组别	例数	乏力	鼻塞	味觉及嗅觉减退	肌痛	结膜炎
低钾血症组	55	5(9.09)	10(18.18)	2(3.63)	3(5.45)	0(0.00)
正常血钾组	70	7(10.00)	8(11.43)	5(7.14)	2(2.86)	1(1.43)
t/χ²值		0.03	1.14	0.21	0.08	—
P值		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05

组别	例数	年龄(岁)	男性(%)	高血压	糖尿病	心脏病
低钾血症组	55	55.49±15.96	19(34.55)	22(40.00)	6(10.90)	4(7.27)
正常血钾组	70	46.67±20.48	31(44.29)	12(17.14)	8(11.43)	8(11.43)
t/χ²值		－2.71	1.22	8.13	0.01	0.61
P值		<0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	红细胞压积(%)	白细胞(10⁹/L)	淋巴细胞(10⁹/L)	中性粒细胞(10⁹/L)	血小板(10⁹/L)
低钾血症组	55	38.63±6.45	5.53±2.27	1.15±0.53	3.82±2.00	174.18±54.22
正常血钾组	70	39.81±4.79	6.16±4.28	1.11±0.42	3.94±1.60	196.69±64.07
t/χ²值		1.18	0.99	－0.51	0.39	2.08
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
组别	例数	谷丙转氨酶(U/L)	谷草转氨酶(U/L)	肌酸激酶同工酶(U/L)	血糖(mmol/L)	血清钠离子(mmol/L)
低钾血症组	55	29.38±26.34	35.08±36.79	15.94±10.66	7.52±2.56	136.76±2.92
正常血钾组	70	22.71±20.93	24.93±15.39	14.03±7.93	8.18±9.47	136.70±2.74
t/χ²值		－1.58	－2.01	－1.15	0.50	－0.13
P值		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清氯离子(mmol/L)	血清钙离子(mmol/L)	血尿素氮(mmol/L)	血肌酐(umol/L)	血尿酸(umol/L)
低钾血症组	55	98.04±3.77	2.28±0.10	4.56±2.38	73.76±24.69	319.63±120.08
正常血钾组	70	99.56±3.25	2.33±0.11	4.92±2.22	75.69±25.29	330.72±110.25
t/χ²值		2.42	2.79	0.87	0.43	0.54
P值		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清胱抑素(mg/L)	核酸转阴时间(d)	住院时间(d)	ICU转入率(%)
低钾血症组	55	0.92±0.43	10.40±2.97	13.44±3.10	26(20.80)
正常血钾组	70	0.90±0.38	7.69±3.48	10.30±3.08	11(15.71)
t/χ²值		0.26	－4.62	－5.64	14.72
P值		>0.05	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	例数	年龄(岁)	男性(%)	高血压	糖尿病	心脏病
低钾血症组	55	55.49±15.96	19(34.55)	22(40.00)	6(10.90)	4(7.27)
正常血钾组	70	46.67±20.48	31(44.29)	12(17.14)	8(11.43)	8(11.43)
t/χ²值		－2.71	1.22	8.13	0.01	0.61
P值		<0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	红细胞压积(%)	白细胞(10⁹/L)	淋巴细胞(10⁹/L)	中性粒细胞(10⁹/L)	血小板(10⁹/L)
低钾血症组	55	38.63±6.45	5.53±2.27	1.15±0.53	3.82±2.00	174.18±54.22
正常血钾组	70	39.81±4.79	6.16±4.28	1.11±0.42	3.94±1.60	196.69±64.07
t/χ²值		1.18	0.99	－0.51	0.39	2.08
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
组别	例数	谷丙转氨酶(U/L)	谷草转氨酶(U/L)	肌酸激酶同工酶(U/L)	血糖(mmol/L)	血清钠离子(mmol/L)
低钾血症组	55	29.38±26.34	35.08±36.79	15.94±10.66	7.52±2.56	136.76±2.92
正常血钾组	70	22.71±20.93	24.93±15.39	14.03±7.93	8.18±9.47	136.70±2.74
t/χ²值		－1.58	－2.01	－1.15	0.50	－0.13
P值		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清氯离子(mmol/L)	血清钙离子(mmol/L)	血尿素氮(mmol/L)	血肌酐(umol/L)	血尿酸(umol/L)
低钾血症组	55	98.04±3.77	2.28±0.10	4.56±2.38	73.76±24.69	319.63±120.08
正常血钾组	70	99.56±3.25	2.33±0.11	4.92±2.22	75.69±25.29	330.72±110.25
t/χ²值		2.42	2.79	0.87	0.43	0.54
P值		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清胱抑素(mg/L)	核酸转阴时间(d)	住院时间(d)	ICU转入率(%)
低钾血症组	55	0.92±0.43	10.40±2.97	13.44±3.10	26(20.80)
正常血钾组	70	0.90±0.38	7.69±3.48	10.30±3.08	11(15.71)
t/χ²值		0.26	－4.62	－5.64	14.72
P值		>0.05	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	例数	年龄(岁)	男性[例(%)]	高血压	糖尿病	心脏病
快速转阴组	49	44.56±19.55	23(46.94)	8(16.33)	5(10.20)	1(2.04)
慢速转阴组	76	54.41±17.83	27(35.53)	26(34.21)	9(11.84)	6(7.89)
t/χ²值		－2.90	1.62	4.81	0.08	0.98
P值		<0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	红细胞压积(%)	白细胞(10⁹/L)	淋巴细胞(10⁹/L)	中性粒细胞(10⁹/L)	血小板(10⁹/L)
快速转阴组	49	40.48±4.96	6.02±2.12	1.25±0.53	4.15±1.87	199.24±66.50
慢速转阴组	76	38.53±5.87	5.79±4.23	1.04±0.41	3.72±1.72	178.75±55.71
t/χ²值		1.92	0.35	2.47	1.30	1.86
P值		>0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	谷丙转氨酶(U/L)	谷草转氨酶(U/L)	肌酸激酶同工酶(U/L)	血糖(mmol/L)	血清钠离子(mmol/L)
快速转阴组	49	28.29±32.20	29.66±38.96	14.23±10.28	7.00±2.26	136.84±2.82
慢速转阴组	76	23.95±15.81	29.23±16.23	15.28±8.55	8.47±9.13	136.66±2.82
t/χ²值		1.00	0.09	－0.62	－1.11	0.35
P值		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清氯离子(mmol/L)	血清钙离子(mmol/L)	血尿素氮(mmol/L)	血肌酐(umol/L)	血尿酸(umol/L)
快速转阴组	49	99.43±3.32	2.33±0.11	4.68±2.04	73.49±24.33	309.49±119.04
慢速转阴组	76	98.54±3.68	2.29±0.10	4.82±2.45	75.71±25.46	336.39±110.71
t/χ²值		1.37	2.17	－0.33	－0.48	－1.29
P值		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
组别	例数	血清胱抑素(mg/L)	低钾血症(%)
快速转阴组	49	0.91±0.41	11(22.45)
慢速转阴组	76	0.90±0.39	44(57.89)
t/χ²值		0.04	15.19
P值		>0.05	<0.001

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