To explore the risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Ankang City from 2021 to 2024, and to select a scientifically reasonable screening strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion.

From June 2021 to January 2024, 120,357 voluntary blood donors in Ankang Central Blood Station were divided into male (n=74,910) and female (n=45,447) groups. All samples were tested for HIV, screening-positive samples were confirmed by western blot (WB). According to the WB confirmation results, subjects were divided into the HIV-infected group (n=11) and the non-HIV-infected group (n=120,346). The HIV infection rates of the male group and female group were calculated. Demographic data and high-risk behaviors were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were applied to analyze related and independent risk factors for HIV infection.

From June 2021 to January 2024, among 120,357 voluntary blood donors in Ankang City, 264 cases (0.22%) were initially screened positive. Among them, 11 cases (0.0914‰) were confirmed positive by WB confirmation test. Eight of the positive cases were male and three were female. The age group of the HIV-infected group was 18-45 years old, male, with a educational level of junior high school or below, the AIDS awareness status was no, no AIDS-related education received, no HIV test before diagnosis, and the proportion of having high-risk behaviors was all higher than that of the non-HIV-infected group (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age of 18-45 years old, gender as male, educational level of junior high school or below, AIDS awareness status as no, no AIDS-related education received, no HIV test before diagnosis, and having high-risk behaviors were all risk factors for HIV infection among blood donors in Ankang City (P<0.05).

HIV prevalence is low among blood donors in Ankang City and closely linked to high-risk behaviors like unprotected sex. Age, occupation and education significantly affect infection risk, and male blood donors have a higher HIV prevalence than females.