To investigate the clinical features and therapeutic effects of acute craniocerebral trauma in infants and children under 10 years old.

A retrospective analysis of 130 cases of infants and children with cranial injury in infants under 10 years old from January 2016 to January 2018 was conducted. Among them, 72 cases were males and 58 were females, with average age of (4.12±0.63) years. The injury mechanisms, types, treatment methods and prognosis were analyzed. 130 cases were divided into two groups: 0~5 years old group and 6~10 years old group. The characteristics of the two groups were analyzed, and the differences in injury mechanism, type and prognosis of children of different age groups were compared.

A total of 130 cases were enrolled in this study, including 72 males and 58 females, 91 cases (69.5%) in the 0-5-year-old group and 39 cases(30.5%)in the 6-10-year-old group. Falling was the main cause of injury in 0-5 years old group. The proportion of traffic accidents and falling injuries in 6-10 years old group increased significantly. There was significant difference in the mechanism of injury between the two groups(P<0.05). The incidence of open craniocerebral injury in 6-10 years old group(28.2%, 11/39)was higher than that in 0-5 years old group(14.3%, 13/91). There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The incidence of acute epidural hematoma(46.2%, 18/39)and cerebrospinal fluid leakage(30.8%, 12/39)in children aged 6-10 years were significantly higher than those in children aged 0-5 years(20.9%, 19/91 and 4.4%, 4/91, respectively) (P<0.05). According to the grading of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), mild craniocerebral injury was the main type in both groups, and conservative therapy was the main treatment in both groups. Twenty-three patients(17.7%) underwent craniotomy, and 23 patients underwent invasive treatment besides craniotomy. There was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). According to Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) the patients were followed up for 3 months after injury; 117(90%)of 130 patients recovered well, 11 were moderately disabled, 3 were severely disabled and 3 died. The overall prognosis of the two groups was good, and there was no significant difference(P>0.05).

The traumatic brain injury of infants and children has its special characteristics. The incidence of different age groups differs in gender and treatment methods. According to the characteristics of pediatric craniocerebral trauma, active and effective treatment measures can be taken early to improve prognosis and reduce the mortality and morbidity.